February 21, 2012

On the Talent vs. Training Debate....

After 10,000 hours of systematic training with the world's best coaches, this lizard has learned how to nail its prey.

Now, before you jump to a conclusion on what I believe based on my lizard example, let me be clear: I consider innate talent to be at most just a small aspect of what it takes to be a great player. Early on, talent helps tremendously, but as you move up the spectrum, hard work, coaching, and a good training environment pay off far more. (Also, it doesn't help to talk to students about talent, since they have no control over it. Those who don't believe in talent probably have an advantage over others as they aren't held back by doubts about their own innate "talent.")

But to argue absolutely that we all start with the exact same brain hardware simply isn't true. The brain is a complex organ that's evolved many built-in areas of specialization - spatial skills, verbal areas, facial recognition areas, etc., and as noted above, a lizard's innate ability to nail its prey with its tongue from a distance. Some aspects of these skills are likely helpful in table tennis. Just as there are variations in the rest of the body, there are variations in these areas of the brain because of the variations in the DNA. Why would people be born with so many variations in their bodies, but identical brains? They are both created from varying DNA, and so have varied development of the specialized parts of the brain. (Even Matthew Syed in his book "Bounce" didn't conclude there was no such thing as talent - he simply minimized its importance.) 

There are numerous studies of identical twins raised apart and how often they ended up with similar skills despite very different upbringings - they'd both be good at math or English or some other subject, and weak at similar areas, and have similar IQ scores. (While IQ isn't the same as intelligence, it does measure certain intellectual abilities.)  If we all start out with identical skills, then identical twins raised apart would vary in skills the same as randomly chosen people, but they do not because they started with roughly the same hardware from the same DNA.

But this is just the brain at the start. The brain is a learning organ, able to rewire much of itself, which is why hard work normally overcomes most or all of these starting variations. Talent normally only gives a temporary head start, although this is often enough to encourage the "talented" to continue, thereby fulfilling the potential shown by this "talent." Pretty much everyone has the potential to at least reach a very high level. Does it overcome it enough so that one without "talent" can become the best in the world? I don't know.

After 10,000 hours or so of training (what some say is what it takes to really master something), does this starting talent make a difference? Again, I don't know. Technically speaking, all things being equal, it will make at least a small difference, but that difference might be so small as to be insignificant. Or perhaps the "less talented" can never completely catch up, all other factors being equal, and they will always be relegated to something less than being the best in the world, and will merely be great athletes, but not quite the best - and, of course, as "great athletes," many will proclaim them "talented."

As to what "talent" for table tennis is, at least at the start, it would be any combination of some or all of the following - all of which can be enhanced with proper training.

  • Hand-eye coordination
  • Ability to control body
  • Ability to make smooth and controlled movements
  • Ability to track the ball with the eyes
  • Ability to mimic
  • Ability to repeat a motion
  • Reflexes
  • Other mental skills (many)
  • Speed (fast twitch muscles)

Tim Tebow playing table tennis!

He's playing mostly against Trevor Runyan, the several-times U.S. Hardbat Champion (5:22).

Anime Table Tennis

Here are three great anime table tennis videos:

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